Evolution
Evolution is a process by which organisms acquire and pass on novel traits from generation to generation. One of the first theories of biological evolution was proposed in the early 19th century by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, though his idea that individual organisms acquire traits during their lifetimes that they pass on to offspring was fundamentally flawed. With the publication of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's joint paper in 1858 followed by Darwin's book Origin of Species in 1859, the theory of evolution by natural selection became firmly established within the scientific community. In the 1930s, work by a number of scientists combined Darwinian natural selection with the re-discovered theory of heredity proposed by Gregor Mendel to create the modern evolutionary synthesis. In the modern synthesis, "evolution" means a change in the frequency of an allele within a gene pool from one generation to the next. This change may be caused by a number of different mechanisms: natural selection, genetic drift or changes in population structure (gene flow).
Source: wikipedia, under GFDL
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