Biological type
In scientific classification, a type is a specimen or description that corresponds to a taxon (a group of organisms), and helps to identify which organisms may be referred to with that name.
* A type specimen is an individual or fossil that identifies a species. For example, the type specimen for the species Homo neanderthalensis is the specimen "Neanderthal-1" discovered by Johann Karl Fuhlrott in 1856 at Feldhofer in the Neander Valley in Germany, consisting of a skullcap, thigh bones, part of a pelvis, some ribs, and some arm and shoulder bones.
* A type description is a written description of a type specimen, ideally one that identifies characters that differentiate the taxon from its relatives.
* A type species is a species that identifies a genus: other species are included in the genus if they are considered suffiently similar or closely related. For example, the type species of the genus Homo is Homo sapiens.
* Similarly, a type genus is a genus that identifies a higher taxon.
Definitions
* A type specimen is an individual or fossil that identifies a species. For example, the type specimen for the species Homo neanderthalensis is the specimen "Neanderthal-1" discovered by Johann Karl Fuhlrott in 1856 at Feldhofer in the Neander Valley in Germany, consisting of a skullcap, thigh bones, part of a pelvis, some ribs, and some arm and shoulder bones.
* A type description is a written description of a type specimen, ideally one that identifies characters that differentiate the taxon from its relatives.
* A type species is a species that identifies a genus: other species are included in the genus if they are considered suffiently similar or closely related. For example, the type species of the genus Homo is Homo sapiens.
* Similarly, a type genus is a genus that identifies a higher taxon.
Source: wikipedia, under GFDL
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